Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the United States, responsible for more than 218,000 cases and 131,000 deaths in 2022, according to the CDC. In recognition of Lung Cancer Awareness Month, here’s what to know about risk factors, symptoms and the importance of screening.
Risk factors
Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for up to 90% of related deaths. People who smoke are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer than nonsmokers. Even smoking a small amount increases the risk (2).
Secondhand smoke is also dangerous. The CDC estimates it causes more than 7,300 lung cancer deaths among nonsmokers each year. Breathing in other people’s smoke increases a nonsmoker’s risk of developing lung cancer by 20% to 30% (3).
Radon gas is another leading cause, resulting in more than 20,000 deaths annually. Roughly one in 15 U.S. homes contains elevated radon levels. Other risk factors include asbestos, diesel exhaust, silica, chromium, air pollution and a family history of the disease.
Prevention and screening
There are many resources to help prevent lung cancer, especially those focused on quitting smoking. The 1-800-QUIT-NOW hotline is a free, confidential service that connects smoking with trained counselors. It’s available 24 hours a day and provides tailored support, resources and referrals. The service is supported by the CDC and state health departments.
Screening for lung cancer can save lives by detecting the disease early, when it is more treatable. The CDC recommends annual low-dose CT scans for adults at high risk, including those ages 50 to 80 with a significant smoking history. Quitting smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke and testing for radon also play an important role in reducing new cases and lowering the risk of death.
Treatment
Lung cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as a person’s overall health. Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Some patients may receive a combination of treatments to improve outcomes and manage symptoms.
Final thoughts
While lung cancer remains a serious public health challenge, there are signs of progress. Death rates have declined in recent years, thanks to fewer people smoking, earlier detection and advances in treatment.
Acting now — quitting smoking, getting screened and addressing environmental risks — can lead to earlier diagnoses and better outcomes. Talk with your health care provider about your risk factors, screening options and resources to help you quit tobacco.
Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (November 2023). Lung Cancer Risk Factors. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/risk-factors/index.html
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (May 2024). About Secondhand Smoke. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/
